Mëds wrote: ↑Tue May 02, 2023 12:45 am
Well if you take bigotry/racism/discrimination out of the equation, is it unacceptable to question why the inhabitants of Africa, North and South America, Australia, and even India, were so far behind Europe and Asia in terms of development? I mean, the native denizens of Africa, North and South America, and Australia, were essentially nomadic hunter-gatherers. If you go with the land-bridge theory, they had nearly the same amount of time to develop a civilization and progress in the various scientific areas. Why didn't they?
Well, they did. We just conveniently avoid mentioning it.
Tenochtitlan was a far greater city than any city existing in Europe at the time, and they still had well functioning distribution of potable water, food and removal of waste. The Spanish were stunned at how clean the city was, compared to in Europe where people back then just dumped their waste in the streets.
And apart from the Aztecs you also had the Maya and Inca cultures that were very advanced. The Maya culture had already crashed, in part due to climate changes brought on by deforestation and extensive farming, when the Spanish came, but they brought down the Aztecs and Incas and crushed them. Destroying most of their literature and scientific achievements in the process. The postal services in Peru have still not recovered from the Spanish invasion and are far less efficient today than in the days of the Inca empire.
I don't think there was anything as advanced north of Mexico, but most of the natives in North America were wiped out by smallpox, measles and other disease the Europeans brought, many without even meeting a white person, so we may not know of everything that existed there. Almost 90% of the population of North America died within a century of the European arrival, and even if many were massacred by the newcomers, the vast majority died of disease. And at least we know the North American indians had agriculture, which they had developed independently from those in the old world. Tobacco, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts, squash, cocoa, chili, bell peppers... these are all crops that were developed in the Americas and then later brought to Europe and Asia. Can you imagine Italian cuisine without tomatoes? Indian without chili? British without potatoes? And some of the First Nations had developed metallurgy as well. They didn't have bronze, which is an alloy, but there was at least some knowledge of gold, silver, copper and iron, even if the usage wasn't widespread in North America, they did have the know-how.
Back in the 14th century the king of Mali was supposedly the richest man on earth, and he even had a navy he sent out for exploration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Empire
And what about Egypt? It's situated in Africa, but I guess technically the ancient Egyptians to a large part were descended from neolithic farmers from the fertile crescent. Still though, the culture developed in Africa, and dna from ancient Egyptians have 10-15% subsaharan African in it, so they were basically a mixed group. Also, they traded with the Nubians and the Kingdom of Kush, a black African civilisation centred in what is now Sudan. At one point, around 700 BC, the Kushites even conquered Egypt and thus the 25th dynasty pharaohs were black Africans. I think this may be what has confused some African Americans into believeing that the Ancient Egyptians were black. They were not. They were a typical Mediterranean olive skinned people, but the rulers of the 25th dynasty, that ruled Egypt for a century or so, were Kushites, and their culture was more or less on par with the Egyptian, even though we do not know as much about it. Some stupid Italian Indiana Jones type of Archeologist blew up and bulldozed almost all Kushite pyramids in the hope of finding gold and other treasure. It is a sad sight.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush

Fortunately there are a handful left though:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/trav ... kush-nubia
And there was also the kingdom of Sheba, or Saaba, which is mentioned in the bible and probably was situated in Ethiopia, which was another powerful African empire back in Ancient times. And you know, of course, that the Ethiopians have their own alphabet, right?
But all the African kingdoms and empires were crushed, in part by expanding Islam, that tended to want to erase any trace of cultures that had gone before, in part by European colonial powers that also wanted to portray the African continent as an untouched wasteland waiting for Europe to seize control over it, and it's population as subhumans worthy of enslaving. Thus both the Arabs and the Europeans have for propaganda reasons downplayed the level of civilisation present in Africa before colonisation.
It's not a long history of racists looking to be racist, it's a long history of mankind looking for justification for oppressing others in order to achieve personal gain. Look no further than some of the back and forth flame wars that we've witnessed on this here (and a former) message board. Pride, vanity, and vindictiveness.....and sometimes just a laughable good time of course.
Racism is just one label.
Amen. There's the rub.
The root cause is not racism but greed. But when the people you want to oppress look different than you do, racism becomes a convenient tool for justification and legislation in order to make the oppression permanent.
Slavery has been present in all major cultures, but normally you enslaved locals, who looked just like you, and they and their offspring had a decent chance to be freed and improve their lot in society. There was even a Roman emperor who started out as a slave.
Once you started enslaving people that looked different, you could make their enslavement permanent, because you could tell that someone was a slave just by looking at them. And then their children also become slaves by default. That's why the black slaves in the Americas were so much worse off than other slaves. And also why their descendants still have not reached the same wealth and status level of others in those countries.
The vikings got their slaves from the Slavic countries (thus the word slave = Slav) and the British Isles. The children of those slaves just blended in with other people in the general population, so you had to go get new slaves all the time. Very impractical. Then the British and French came up with the idea of black slavery - problem solved! And the concept of institutionalised racism was born.
Footnote:
dna studies have shown that dark hair was more common in Scandinavia prior to the viking age than it is today. An important part of the viking economy was capturing slaves in raids in Europe and then selling those slaves at the slave markets in the Black Sea region, eg Constantinople. Now, blonde women were a highly prized commodity, and so they would probably focus on them during raids, and then occassionally some of the slaves may have ended up at home in Scandinavia rather than being sold in Constantinople, and so gradually more and more blonde genes ended up here in Scandinavia. It's a possible explanation. Shrug. In the tiny little Icelandic population this is at it's most extreme. Y chromosomes, inherited from father to son, are 90% Norwegian, but mitrochondrial dna, inherited from mother to daughter, is almost two thirds Celtic, from the British Isles. So basically, they took all the good looking ones they could find and brought them home as souvenirs, leaving the homely ones to become the foundation of the British population we see today.